Endocrine Abstracts

Hyperthyroidism is common and in iodine-sufficient parts of the world the prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism is estimated to be 0.2% to 1.3%. The treatment options include antithyroid medication (ATD), thyroid surgery, or Radioactive iodine (RAI). The latter is increasingly used as a first line definitive treatment for hyperthyroidism. We reviewed the outcomes of patients who received RAI at our tertiary nuclear medicine department over a 4-year period (May 2015 to Dec 2019) ...

Introduction: The group of young adults with acromegaly, despite initial reports about their aggressive course of disease, has not been thoroughly characterized. Aim: Our aim was to investigate the differences between the patients with early-onset acromegaly and with onset in older age. Material and methods: Consecutive patients diagnosed with acromegaly between 01.2014 and 12.2021 were included in this retrospective study, approve...

Giant prolactinomas are very rare and constitute 2-3% of all lactotroph PitNETs with male preponderance. We present a case series of five male patients with giant prolactinomas with various clinical presentation. Case 1: A 66-year-old male hospitalized due to left peripheral facial palsy. In computer tomography (CT) pituitary mass (41 x 43 x 64 mm) invading cavernous/sphenoid sinuses/carotid arteries/optic chiasm was visualized. Bitemporal hemianopia/hea...

Introduction: 24-hydroxylase, encoded by a CYP24A1 gene, is a crucial enzyme entailed in catabolism of vitamin D. Loss-of-function mutations of CYP24A1 result in hypercalcemia, not adequately concomitant high levels of 1,25(OH)2D and low PTH levels. The variety of clinical manifestations depends on age – mutations can lead to fatal infantile hypercalcemia among neonates (typically precipitated by supplementation of vitamin D), whereas adults’ symptoms are usually mil...

Background: Vitamin D is a dietary micronutrient responsible for calcium and phosphorus metabolism and multiple extraskeletal actions. The assessment of vitamin D status is commonly based on measurement of 25(OH)D total concentration in serum. However, the usage of LC-MS/MS analytical technique allows to reliably assess a panel of vitamin D metabolites in serum or plasma, which may help to investigate the metabolic paths of vitamin D, especially in populations at risk of defic...

Osilodrostat as an inhibitor of adrenal 11B-hydroxylas, is an effective medication used in the management of endogenous hypercortisolism. There are limited data regarding usage of osilodrostat in ectopic Cushing Syndrome (CS). Surgery is usually the first line treatment in ectopic CS, however the source of ectopic hormonal production often remains undiscovered for a long period of time. Meanwhile dangerous state of severe hypercortisolism needs to be managed pharmacologically ...

Obesity is defined as a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. It is associated with pro-inflammatory activity of visceral adipose tissue, regarded as a neuroendocrine organ that secretes cytotoxins and other pro-inflammatory factors, impairing metabolic pathways. The corollary of these changes is the risk of developing comorbidities. There are many similarities in the mechanisms of ageing and in obesity. The process of ageing leads to the accumulation of pro-inflammatory fa...

Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms that arise from chromaffin tissue commonly located in the adrenal medulla, pre-aortic and paravertebral sympathetic plexus or skull base. About 30% of paragangliomas have a genetic basis. They may be associated with autosomal dominant inheritance of variants in the gene encoding succinate dehydrogenase or may coexist in genetically determined endocrine syndromes. The study aim was to analyse clinical and molecular data of patien...

Introduction: Due to the frequent occurrence of adrenal incidentalomas, diagnosis of their hormonal activity is a significant clinical concern. Approximately 7-10% of adrenal tumors are pheochromocytomas, which even in silent form can lead to hemodynamic instability during surgery. According to the ESE and ENSAT guidelines in any case of adrenal tumors greater than 1 cm pheochromocytoma should be excluded based on plasma metanephrines level and urinary metanephrines excretion....

Background: Craniopharyngioma (CP) is a rare sellar or suprasellar epithelial tumour with a prevalence of approximately 2 per million and it occurs either in childhood between the ages of 5 and 14 years or in adulthood between the ages of 50 and 74 years. Histologically, CPs are divided into adamantinomatous, more prevalent in children, and papillary, more prevalent in adults. They are usually benign, but rare cases of malignant CPs have been reported. Clinical presentation is...